Bohemianism:
The term bohemian, of French origin, was first used in the English language in the nineteenth century to describe the untraditional lifestyles of marginalized and impoverished artists, writers, musicians, and actors in major European cities. Bohemians were associated with unorthodox or antiestablishment political or social viewpoints, which were often expressed through non-marital sexual relations, frugality, and/or "voluntary poverty".
The term emerged in France in the 1800s when artists and creators began to concentrate in the lower-rent, lower class gypsy neighborhoods. The term "Bohemian" reflects a belief, widely held in France at the time, that the Gypsies had come from Bohemia. (Definition)
"The term 'Bohemian' has come to be very commonly accepted in our day as the description of a certain kind of literary gypsy, no matter in what language he speaks, or what city he inhabits .... A Bohemian is simply an artist or litterateur (intellectual) who, consciously or unconsciously, secedes from conventionality in life and in art."
English writer Virginia Nicholson’s work systematically analyzed the Bohemian lifestyle led by a broad and diverse wave of artists, writers and musicians over the early- to mid-twentieth century, showing that they were indeed unified via a set of commonly-held attitudes towards money, sex and relationships, child-rearing, beauty, clothing and personal presentation, cuisine, personal cleanliness, travel, and social mores. (Influences of Bohemianism)
The term has become associated with various artistic or academic communities and is used as a generalized adjective describing such people, environs, or situations: bohemian (boho—informal) is defined in The American College Dictionary as "a person with artistic or intellectual tendencies, who lives and acts with no regard for conventional rules of behavior."
Laren Stover breaks down the Bohemian into five distinct mind-sets/styles in Bohemian Manifesto: A Field Guide to Living on the Edge. The five types are: Nouveau, Gypsy, Beat, Zen and Dandy. (Classification of Bohemianism)
Bohemian:
a person, as an artist or writer, who lives acts free of regard for conventional rules and practices, or pertaining to or characteristic of the unconventional life of a bohemian, or living a wandering or vagabond life, as a Gypsy.
Contemporary art:
Contemporary art can be defined variously as art produced at this present point in time or art produced since World War II. The definition of the word contemporary would support the first view, but museums of contemporary art commonly define their collections as consisting of art produced since World War II.
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